Kou ea Waveguide - tafole ea papiso ea boholo ba flange

Kamano pakeng tsa litekanyo tsa kou ea **waveguide**, **flange sizes**, le **frequency bands** e lekantsoe ho netefatsa hore e lumellana le mechini le ts'ebetso e ntle ea RF. Ka tlase ke tafole ea papiso e nolofalitsoeng le melao-motheo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa li-waveguide tse tloaelehileng tse khutlonnetsepa le li-flange tse amanang le tsona.

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### **Mehopolo ea Bohlokoa**
1. **Tlhophiso ea Bukana ea Maqhubu**:
Li-waveguide li ngotsoe ka "WR" (Waveguide Rectangular) e lateloa ke nomoro (mohlala, WR-90). Palo e hakanya boholo ba **ka hare ba lebota le sephara** ka karolo ea lekholo ea lisenthimithara (mohlala, WR-90 ≈ bophara ba ka hare ba 0.90").
- Mohlala: WR-90 = 0.9" (22.86 mm) bophara ba kahare.

2. **Mefuta ea Flange**:
Li-flange li etsa hore khokahano lipakeng tsa li-waveguide e be ea boleng bo holimo. Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:
- **UG/UPC** (MIL-STD): Flange e tloaelehileng ea sesole (mohlala, UG-387/UPC).
- **CPR** (Khoebo): Maemo a Yuropa (mohlala, CPR-137).
- **Li-Flanges tsa Choke**: Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le matla a mangata le tse sa lutleng haholo.
- **Li-Flanges tsa Sekoahelo**: Ho bonolo haholoanyane, ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho koala ka vacuum.

3. **Mekhahlelo ea Maqhubu**:
Leqhubu le leng le le leng la maqhubu le tšehetsa mefuta e itseng ea maqhubu ho latela litekanyo tsa lona.

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### **Tafole ea Papiso ea Tataiso ea Maqhubu ho ea ho Flange**
| **Tataiso ea Maqhubu** | **Sebaka sa Maqhubu** | **Mofuta oa Flange** | **Litekanyo tsa Flange (Tloaelehileng)** | **Lisebelisoa** |
|---------------|- ...
| **WR-90** | 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band) | UG-387/UPC (MIL) | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 1.872" (47.5 mm) | Radar, melaetsa ea sathelaete. |
| **WR-112** | 7.05–10 GHz (C-band) | UG-595/UPC | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 2.400" (61.0 mm) | Radar, telecom |
| **WR-62** | 12.4–18 GHz (Ku-band) | UG-385/UPC | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 1.250" (31.75 mm) | Sathelaete, litsamaiso tsa sesole |
| **WR-42** | 18–26.5 GHz (K-band) | UG-383/UPC | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 0.800" (20.3 mm) | Radar e nang le maqhubu a phahameng |
| **WR-28** | 26.5–40 GHz (Ka-band) | UG-599/UPC | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 0.600" (15.2 mm) | 5G, radar ea likoloi |
| **WR-15** | 50–75 GHz (V-band) | UG-387Mini/UPC | Selikalikoe sa Bolt: 0.400" (10.2 mm) | mmWave, lipatlisiso |

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### **Litekanyo tsa Flange (Tloaelehileng)**
1. **Bophara ba Selikalikoe sa Bolt (BCD)**: Bophara ba selikalikoe se entsoeng ke litsi tsa liboutu tse khomaretsoang.
2. **Sebaka sa Mekoti**: Sebaka se pakeng tsa masoba a dibolumo (mohlala, dipaterone tsa masoba a 4 kapa a 8).
3. **Sekoti sa Leqhubu la Maqhubu**: Se tsamaisana le litekanyo tse ka hare tsa leqhubu la maqhubu.

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### **Likamano tsa Bohlokoa**
1. **Boholo ba tataiso ea maqhubu ↔ Boholo ba flange**:
- Li-waveguide tse kholoanyane (maqhubu a tlase) li sebelisa li-flange tse kholoanyane (mohlala, WR-112 flange > WR-90 flange).
- Li-waveguide tse nyane (maqhubu a phahameng) li sebelisa li-flange tse nyane (mohlala, WR-28, WR-15).

2. **Ho lumellana ha Flange**:
- Li-flange li lokela ho tšoana le **ka mokhoa oa mechine** (ho hokahanya masoba, BCD) le **ka motlakase** (ho tsoela pele ha impedance).
- Ho kopanya mefuta ea li-flange (mohlala, UG-387 le CPR-137) ho hloka li-adapter.

3. **Maemo ka Sebaka**:
- **MIL-STD (UG/UPC)**: E tloaelehile litsamaisong tsa ts'ireletso tsa US.
- **IEC/CPR**: E tlwaelehileng ditsamaisong tsa kgwebo tsa Yuropa.

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### **Mehlala ea Litekanyetso tsa Flange**
| **Mofuta oa Flange** | **Ho lumellana ha Waveguide** | **Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa** |
|-------------------|- ...|
| **UG-387/UPC** | WR-90, WR-62, WR-42 | Mekoti e 4, MIL-STD-392, e sebelisoa haholo. |
| **UG-599/UPC** | WR-28, WR-15 | E nyane, bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa mmWave. |
| **CPR-137** | WR-112, WR-90 | Paterone e tloaelehileng ea Europe, e nang le masoba a 8. |
| **Choke Flange** | Tsohle | Moralo o nang le grooved bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho dutla ha metsi. |

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### **Lintlha**
- Kamehla netefatsa **mechanical drawings** ho tsoa ho bahlahisi bakeng sa litekanyo tse nepahetseng.
- Li-flange tse sa tsamaellaneng li baka **di-impedance discontinuities**, e leng se lebisang ho senyehang ha VSWR.
- Bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa vacuum, sebelisa li-flange tse koetsoeng tsa sekoahelo sa **O-ring**.

Mpolelle haeba o hloka motsoako o itseng oa waveguide-flange!