VSWR, return loss (RL), matla a bonts'ang, le matla a fetisoang

Likamano lipakeng tsa Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), tahlehelo ea ho khutla (RL), matla a bonahatsoang, le matla a fetisoang li hokahane ka coefficient e bonts'ang (Γ). Ka tlase ke liforomo tsa bohlokoa le mehato ea ho fetola:

### **Makhotla a mantlha**
1. **Reflection Coefficient (Γ)**:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\mongolo{VSWR} + 1}

2. **VSWR** ho tsoa ho Γ:

\mongolo{VSWR} = \frac{1 + |\Gamma|}{1 - |\Gamma|}

3. **Khutlisa Tahlehelo (RL)** ka dB:

\mongolo{RL (dB)} = -20 \log_{10}(|\Gamma|)

4. **Reflected Power (%)**:

P_{\text{refl}} = |\Gamma|^2 \nako 100\%

5. **Matla a Fetisitsoeng (%)**:

P_{\mongolo{trans}} = \ka ho le letshehadi(1 - |\Gamma|^2\ka ho le letona) \nakong 100\%

---

### **Mehato ea ho sokoloha**
#### **1. Ho qala ka VSWR**:
- Bala Γ:

\Gamma = \frac{\text{VSWR} - 1}{\mongolo{VSWR} + 1}

- Sebelisa Γ ho fumana RL, matla a bonts'itsoeng, le matla a fetisoang ka liforomo tse kaholimo.

#### **2. Ho qala ka Return Loss (RL in dB)**:
- Bala Γ:

|\Gamma| = 10^{-\mongolo{RL}/20}

- Sebelisa Γ ho fumana VSWR, matla a bonahatsoang le matla a fetisoang.

#### **3. Ho qala ka Matla a Reflected/Transmitted**:
- Bakeng sa **matla a bonts'itsoeng** (\(P_{\text{refl}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{\frac{P_{\text{refl}}} {100}}

- Bakeng sa **matla a fetisoang** (\(P_{\text{trans}}\)):

|\Gamma| = \sqrt{1 - \frac{P_{\text{trans}}}{100}}

- Sebelisa Γ ho kopanya VSWR le RL.

---

### **Tafole ea Mohlala**
| **VSWR** | **Khutlisetsa Tahlehelo (dB)** | **Reflected Power (%)** | **Matla a Fetisitsoeng (%)** |
>>
| 1.0 | ∞ (Papali e phethahetseng) | 0% | 100% |
| 1.5 | 14.0 dB | 4% | 96% |
| 2.0 | 9.5 dB | 11.1% | 88.9% |
| 3.0 | 6.0 dB | 25% | 75% |

---

### **Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa**
- A **VSWR ea 1:1** e bolela ho se be le ponahatso (Γ = 0, RL = ∞).
- **VSWR e phahameng ** kapa ** RL e tlase ** e bonts'a matla a bonahatsoang haholoanyane.
**Motla o fetisoang** o holisoa haholo ha VSWR ≈ 1.

Sebelisa liforomo tsena ho fapanyetsana lipakeng tsa liparamente bakeng sa ho bapisa ha impedance ho litsamaiso tsa RF.